What are Objects

Objects are the fundamental building blocks of object oriented programming, and understanding them is crucial for any programmer. An object is a collection of data and functions that work together to perform some specific task. In other words, an object can be thought of as a self-contained entity that has its own properties and behaviors. In this tutorial , we will take a closer look at objects, understand their importance in, and learn how to create and use them in programming.

OOPs Concepts - Objects :

• An object is an instance of a class.
• It is the most basic unit of object oriented programming.
• Objects contain data and the code to process that data.
• An object has a state and behavior.
  • state is defined by the data of the objects
  • behavior is defined by the functions of the objects.
• Memory is allocated only when we create an object.
• In other words memory is not allocated when we define a class, but memory is allocated when we instantiate it.
• There can be many objects that belong to a single class.
• Every object of a class has a unique identity. 
• Hence an object of a class has - 
  • state - defined by the data members of the class
  • behavior - defined by the data functions of the class
  • identity - every object of a class is different from other objects.
• Each object of a class contains same type of data and functions that were defined in the class.

Real World example of Objects : 

In our previous example of Vehicles class that we create in the previous tutorial on Classes :

• Car can be an object.
  • The value of "number of tires" for car will be 4
  • The value of "top-speed" for car can be 250.
• similarly scooter can be an object of Vehicles class - 
  • The value of "number of tires" for scooter will be 2
  • The value of "top-speed" for scooter can be 100.